This study aims to highlight the disparities between Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) listed companies' financial performance and capital structure, the relationship between the two, and the impact of capital structure on financial performance overall. The study used a quantitative approach and convenience sampling for this study. Data was acquired from 20 companies in four industries from their annual reports from 2019 to 2023 using secondary sources and quantitative methods. Companies were selected based on a convenience sampling method. This research investigates five indicators of capital structure: debt-to-asset ratio, equity-to-assets ratio, debt-to￾equity ratio, short-term debt-to-total asset ratio, and long-term debt-to-asset ratio as independent variables. The analysis uses two performance indicators, namely return on asset and return on equity, as dependent variables. Moreover, the study integrates the Modigliani & Miller theory, agency cost theory, trade-off theory, and pecking order theory to utilize the capital structure in Bangladesh. The findings suggest a significant relationship between capital structure and financial performance, which is identified by ROA & ROE in this context. This study employs descriptive analysis to determine the mean, a measure of which variable capital structure most significantly influences. In this study, Pearson correlation analysis is used to identify the correlations between the variables, and also regression analysis is used to evaluate the intensity of these relationships.