Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) is an international business strategy whereby companies assign particular business activities or processes to outside service providers via outsourcing to regions with specialized skill sets or reduced labor costs. The BPO sector in Bangladesh has experienced rapid expansion, emerging as a key driver of employment and economic growth. However, sustaining a productive workforce in a non-stop service economy presents major challenges, including high employee turnover, skill gaps, and the impact of automation. This study presents a qualitative systematic research review and critical analysis of workforce sustainability in Bangladesh’s BPO sector by synthesizing findings from global case studies, academic research, and policy frameworks. The review critically examines theoretical perspectives on workforce sustainability, evaluates the role of technology in reshaping job demands, and assesses strategies for employee retention, skill development, and well-being. Drawing from successful BPO ecosystems in India, the Philippines, and the United States, this paper identifies gaps in Bangladesh’s current workforce strategies and provides evidence-based recommendations for industry leaders, policymakers, and educators to build a resilient BPO workforce.